Sore throat also known as pharyngitis is a pain, itchiness, irritation of the throat or burning sensation in the throat causing difficulty in swallowing food and liquids. Throat pain is the primary symptom of a sore throat. Sore throat is experienced by thousands of people daily, it mostly happens during the cold months.
A sore throat is caused when a virus or bacteria infects the pharynx (back of the throat). It becomes red and cause inflammation leading to difficulty in swallowing. Sore throat can be sign of a cold, strained vocal cords or serious conditions. Pollutants, bacteria and viruses from air contamination can cause sore throat leading to discomfort and disruption to daily activities.
Sore throat is caused by virus or bacteria, which infects the pharynx and result to swelling of the pharynx. There are different causes of sore throats:
Here are some of the causes of sore throat:
Viral infections: Most sore throats are triggered by viral infection such as cold and flu, others are Mononucleosis, (infectious disease transmitted through secretion) Measles, (contagious illness seen as a distinct rash and fever), Chickenpox, (contamination causes skin sores), Croup, (an infection of the larynx).
Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections are capable for tiny fraction of sore throats. However, Bacterial infections like Streptococcus and Arcanobacterium heamolyticum relating to strep throat, Diphtheria and whooping cough. Seek for medical help if sore throat is really painful with inflamed tonsil blocking the throat and fever.
Gastroesophageal Reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may also cause sore throats. This happens when the stomach acids reach the oesophagus and damage the inner lining of the throat, thereby causing sore throats and other mixture symptoms such as hoarseness reflux symptoms and nausea.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD): In some cases, sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia and others can also cause sore throats.
Irritants: Smoking, pollution, low humidity and some food allergies that cause irritation to the throat leading to sore throats.
Symptoms of Sore throats:
Sore throat symptoms includes:
- Painful throat
- Burning or scratching sensation at the back of the throat
- White patches on the tonsil
- Swollen red tonsils
- Hoarse voice
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Fever and headache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Running nose
- Body aches
The treatments for a sore throat depend on the cause. However, many sore throats can be treated at home. Below are some home remedies for sore throat:
- Gargle with warm salty water
- Inhaling water vapour with the help of humidifier or vaporiser
- Avoid smoking cigarette and chemicals
- Taking oesophagus lozenges, sprays and humidifiers.
- Ibuprofen or paracetamol can help to reduce pain. Paracetamol is better for children and for people who cannot take ibuprofen
- Eat cool, soft foods
- Ice cream helps provide a numbing effect that eases the irritation as well.
- Drinking a lot of warm fluids, such as teas, soup, and water can also help.
- Ginger: Drinking a mixture of hot water with ginger, lemon and honey can help to soothe sore throat.
- Cinnamon: Cinnamon contains anti-inflammatory nutrient which can help can help to reduce inflammation.
- Garlic: Because of the antibacterial and antiviral properties present in garlic, by chewing few cloves will help to fight the infections.
- Honey: Drink honey with warm water or herbal tea to reduce inflammation or discomfort. Honey and lemon combination can also soothes the throat
- Slippery elm: This herbal remedy has been known for years on wounds, boils, ulcers, and for many inflammation. It contains mucilage. By drinking the mixture of slippery elm will help to ease sore throats.
Any sore throat that has a rapid onset and is associated with a fever or tenderness of the front of the neck may be serious and should be seen by a doctor.
See your doctor when you have persistent sore throat as it could be a sign of acid reflux, mononucleosis, Strep throat, or even AIDS.
Any sore throat that causes a person to have difficulty in swallowing or breathing should seek for medical help.
Eat healthy diet packed with essential nutrients such as vitamin C and E, minerals, zinc and magnesium and immune boosting nutrients such as broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, they helps reduce body weaknesses and speeds up the recovery process.
Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Sore throats may be accompanied by fever, drink plenty of water or fluids to keep the body hydrated.
Do not smoke or chew tobacco, smoking and chewing tobacco worsens the condition of the walls of the throat. For quick recovery avoid smoking and chewing tobacco.
Avoid fried/spicy food when suffering from a sore throat, many types of food can be consumed to soothe or ease pain to the throat but not fried foods.
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